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5 Minute Jesus: The Parable of the Prodigal Son

5 MINUTE JESUS

The Parable of the Prodigal Son

Episode 131: English Language

The Parable of the Prodigal Son is one of the best known of Jesus stories. It was told to two different audiences as the introduction to the parable in Luke 15 tells us. It says,
Now the tax collectors and sinners were all gathering around to hear Jesus. But the Pharisees and teachers of the law muttered, ‘this man welcomes sinners and eats with them.’

And then he told them the parable. So, you’ve got sinners gathering around, you’ve got Pharisees muttering that Jesus is friends with them, so Jesus explains himself with this parable. 

Now, just as there are three characters in the parable, you’ve got a young son, an old son and a father, Jesus has pretty much three points. The first is he wants to clarify what a sinner really is. The young son in the parable obviously represents the sinners, and as such it gives us a glimpse into how Jesus defined sin. We often think of sin as vices, but actually Jesus’ definition is a little less convenient, a little more unsettling. The way Jesus describes it as this:
The younger son said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’ So he divided his property between them. Not long after that, the younger son got together all he had, set off for a distant country and there squandered his wealth in prodigal living. (That’s what gives us the prodigal son)

So, here’s the thing, this young boy demands his share of the inheritance leaves and spends it all on himself. He wanted all of the father’s goods, and didn’t want the Father. So if that’s how Jesus wants to depict a sinner, that means sinners are those who stake a claim on all of God’s things, and then spends them on themselves at a distance from God. We want all of creation and nothing to do with the Creator. And this is why so-called good people can still be sinners in Jesus’ eyes.

So when the son returns in Jesus’ storytelling, we expect a story of judgement of anger. But Jesus not only has an unsettling definition of sin, he’s got this really striking definition of God. There are so many beautiful elements here, it says:
So he (the young son) got up went to his father. But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and was filled with compassion for him; he ran to his son, threw his arms around him and kissed him. 
Think of this, this is Jesus’ depiction of God as a father who runs, embraces, kisses, before the kid has blurted out his apology. And then instead of placing restrictions on the boy as kind of, you know, punishment, we might say ‘penance.’ This father lavishes gifts on the boy. Jesus goes on,
But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe, put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let’s have a feast and celebrate. 
This is Jesus’ description of God. At the first sign of someone returning to God, there will be forgiveness, embrace. And God’s not in the business of depriving us of life, but he is an embracing, forgiving, celebrating parent. 
But Jesus isn’t finished. There’s a third character in the parable that often gets left aside when this is retold. It’s the older brother who obviously represents the Pharisees in the audience. The older son, then, is a great insight into how Jesus thought of religion. And this is how Jesus tells the story,
The older brother became angry and refused to go in. So his father went out to him and pleaded with him. But he answered his father, ‘Look! All these years I’ve been slaving for you and never disobeyed your orders. Yet you never even gave me a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends. But when this son of yours who squandered your property with prostitutes comes home, you kill the fattened calf for him!’

So, by his own confession, this older son adopts the stance of a slave to a master, not a son to a father. And I think Jesus’ point is that’s what religion does. It locks you up with rules, and as a result this son has a stunted grasp of the father’s mercy. He says, “you never even gave me a goat to celebrate,” when the reality was everything that the father had was his. That’s exactly what Jesus says, “‘my son, the father replied, you are always with me and everything I have is yours.’” 

But here’s the point, this is what religion does, but it’s not what Jesus was about. Jesus was about inviting the wayward to experience forgiveness, love, celebration.

By John Dickson

Want to hear the rest of the episode?
Check out episode 131: “English Language”

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